Kakaretso Heat Phekolo Of Steel

Nako ea ho Hatisa: 06 / 23 2021 Mongoli: Mohlophisi oa Setsi Etela: 11448

Annealing

Tšepe eo moaho oa eona o khelohang boemong ba tekano e futhumetse mocheso o loketseng, o bolokiloe nako e itseng, ebe o pholisa butle (hangata o pholile le sebopi) ho fumana sebopeho haufi le naha ea tekano. Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso e bitsoa annealing.

Ho koalloa ha tšepe ho arotsoe ka ho kenya annealing ka botlalo, ho kenyelletsa ho hlasimolla, ho koala spheroidizing, ho kenyelletsa ho hasanya le ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo.

1. Ho koaletsoe ka botlalo

Tlatsetso ea annealing e boetse e bitsoa recrystallization annealing, e leng ho futhumatsa tšepe ho 20 ～ 30 ℃ kaholimo ho Ac3, ee tšoare ka nako e itseng, ebe oe pholisa butle butle (ho pholisa sebōping kapa ho pata kalaka le lehlabathe) ho fumana ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso haufi le sebopeho sa tekano. Ho koala ka botlalo ho sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa litšepe tsa hypoeutectoid.

Morero oa ho kenya annealing ka botlalo ke ho homogenize le ho ntlafatsa moaho o mosesane le o sa lekanang o bakoang ke ho sebetsa ho chesang ka ho pheta-pheta matla ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso; kapa ho fumana sebopeho se haufi le tekano bakeng sa tšepe ea khabone le tšepe ea alloy kaholimo ho khabone e bohareng. Ho fokotsa thatafala le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho itšeha. Ka lebaka la phokotso e liehang ea ho phomola, khatello ea maikutlo le eona e ka felisoa.

2. Ho kenyelletsa lintho tse ling

Anotheraling ea isothermal ke ho futhumatsa tšepe mochesong o phahameng ho feta Ac3 (kapa Ac1), 'me kamora ho ts'oara nako e nepahetseng, e tla pholisoa mochesong o itseng sebakeng sa pearlite kapele,' me e hlokomeloe isothermally, e le hore austenite e isothermally fetoha, 'me joale butle folisoa Tsamaiso kalafo mocheso.

Morero oa ho kenyelletsa anotheraling ho tšoana le ho koala ka botlalo, ho ka fumanang sebopeho se lebelletsoeng se tšoanang; bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa alloy tse nang le austenite e batlang e tsitsitse, nako ea ho tiisa e ka khutsufatsoa haholo.

3. Ho koala sekhahla se matlafatsang

Ho koala spheroidizing ke ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso ho matlafatsa li-carbide ka tšepe. Morero ke ho spheroidize ea cementite ka cementite mahareng le pearlite (normalizing pele annealing tla roba cementite marangrang) ho fokotsa thatafala le ho ntlafatsa tshebetso seha; le ho hlophisetsa mokhatlo ho tima ka mor'a moo. Ho koala sekhahla sa spheroidizing ho sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa tšepe ea eutectoid le tšepe ea hypereutectoid.

Microstructure ea tšepe ea hypereutectoid kamora ho koetlisa spheroidizing e lokile ebile e tšoana le seamente se chitja se ajoang ho ferrite matrix. Mocheso o futhumatsang oa ho koala spheroidizing o phahame hanyane ho feta Ac1. Ho koala spheroidizing ho hloka nako e telele ho ts'oara ho netefatsa spheroidization ea spementidization ea sekontiri sa bobeli. Kamora ho boloka mocheso, e pholile le sebopi.

4. Ho thatafatsa mathata

Bakeng sa ho fokotsa tšebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le sebopeho sa li-ingots tsa tšepe, li-castings kapa li-billet, li chese mochesong o tlase hanyane ho feta mohala oa solidus (100 ℃ ～ 200 ℃ tlasa mola oa solidus), 'me u li boloke nako e telele (10h ～ 15h), Mme ts'ebetso ea kalafo e futhumatsang butle e bitsoa "diffusion annealing kapa homogenization annealing".
Lithollo tsa tšepe kamora ho kenyelletsa ho hasana li hoholo haholo, ka hona hangata li fuoa kalafo e felletseng ea ho koala kapa ho tloaela.

5. Ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo

Tlatsetso ea mocheso o tlase ho felisa masalla a kahare a kahare ho mosebetsi o bakiloeng ke ho chesa le ho bata ho ts'oara joalo ka ho betsa, ho betla, ho tjheseletsa, ho betla le ho senya ho bata ho bitsoa ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo. Ho koala khatello ea maikutlo ke ho futhumatsa tšepe mochesong o tlase ho Ac1 (ka kakaretso 500 ℃ ～ 650 ℃), ebe oe pholisa ka sebopi kamora ho e ts'oara. Kalafo ena e ka felisa khatello ea maikutlo e ka bang 50% ho isa ho 80% ntle le ho baka sebopeho.

Ho tloaela (tloaelo)

Likarolo tsa tšepe kapa tsa tšepe li futhumetse ho fihla ho 30 ～～ 50 ℃ kaholimo ho Ac3 (bakeng sa tšepe ea hypoeutectoid) le Accm (bakeng sa tšepe ea hypereutectoid). Kamora ho ts'oara nako e loketseng, kalafo ea mocheso ea ho futhumatsa junifomo moeeng o phallang mahala e bitsoa ho tloaela. Sebopeho kamora ho tloaela: Tšepe ea Hypoeutectoid ke F + S, tšepe ea eutectoid ke S, le tšepe ea hypereutectoid ke S + Fe3CII.

Morero oa ho tloaela maemo ke ho tiisa sebopeho sa tšepe, se tsejoang hape e le kalafo e tloaelehileng, e atisang ho sebelisoa lintlheng tse latelang:

1. Joaloka kalafo ea ho qetela ea mocheso, ho tloaela maemo ho ka ntlafatsa lijo-thollo, ho kopanya sebopeho, ho fokotsa boleng ba ferrite ka tšepe ea hypoeutectoid, ho eketsa le ho ntlafatsa lintlha tsa pearlite, ka tsela eo ho ntlafatsa matla, boima le ho tiea ha tšepe.
2. Joaloka tšepe ea pele e futhumetseng ea tšepe e nang le karolo e kholo ea sefapano, hangata e tloahelehile pele e tima kapa ho tima le ho futhumatsa (ho tima le mocheso o phahameng) ho felisa sebopeho sa Widmanstatten le sebopeho sa sehlopha mme o fumane sebopeho se setle le se ts'oanang. Bakeng sa tšepe ea hypereutectoid, palo ea cementite ea bobeli e ka fokotsoa, 'me e ke ke ea theha marang-rang a tsoelang pele ho hlophisa sebopeho sa ho koetlisa spheroidizing.
3. Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho itšeha

Ho tima

Senya tšepe holimo mochesong oa phetoho ea mohato (tšepe ea hypoeutectoid ke 30 ℃- 50 ℃ kaholimo ho Ac3; tšepe ea eutectoid le tšepe ea hypereutectoid li 30 ～～ 50 ℃ kaholimo ho Ac1), boloka nako e itseng ebe o pholile kapele ho fumana Martensite Mocheso Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea sebopeho sa 'mele e bitsoa ho tima.

Ho tima mocheso oa tšepe

Mecha ea litaba e sebelisoang khafetsa ke metsi le oli. Bakeng sa ho fokotsa ho senyeha ha likarolo nakong ea ho tima, ho ka sebelisoa bate ea letsoai e le setsi.

Mekhoa e tloahelehileng ea ho tima e kenyelletsa ho tima ka mokhoa o le mong, ho tima habeli-bohareng, ho tima le ho sebetsa ka thata.

1. Ho satalla ha tšepe

Bokhoni ba tšepe ea ho etsa martensite ha e tima bo bitsoa ho thatafala ha tšepe.

Ho thatafala ha tšepe ho ka khethoa ke mokhoa o qetellang oa ho tima.

Lintho tse amang ho thatafala ha lintho:

Sesebelisoa sa eutectoid se nang le khabone se na le sekhahla se nyane haholo sa ho pholisa le ho thatafala ho hoholo; ha boleng ba khabone bo ntse bo fokotseha, sekhahla se matla sa ho futhumatsa sea eketseha, 'me ho thatafala hoa fokotseha; tšepe ea hypereutectoid e ea eketseha ka likarolo tsa khabone, Sekhahla se matla sa ho futhumatsa sea eketseha, 'me ho thatafala hoa fokotseha.
Lintho tse kopantsoeng ntle le cobalt, kamora hore likarolo tse ling tse kopantsoeng li qhibilihe ka har'a austenite, sekhahla se matla sa ho pholisa se fokotsehile, mothinya oa C o fetohela ka ho le letona, 'me ho thatafala ha tšepe ho ntlafalitsoe. Ka hona, ho thatafala ha tšepe ea alloy hangata ho molemo ho feta ea carbon steel.
Mocheso o matlafatsang o eketsa thempereichara e matlafatsang, e tla etsa hore lithollo tsa austenite li hole le ho ba le sebopeho se tšoanang, se ka fokotsang sekhahla sa pearlite, sa fokotsa sekhahla se pholileng sa tšepe, mme sa eketsa ho thatafala ha sona.
Karolo ea bobeli e sa qaloang ka tšepe. Li-carbides, li-nitride le li-inclusions tse ling tse sa sebetseng ka tšepe li sa fetohe motheo oa ho bola oa austenite, e leng ho eketsang sekhahla se matla sa ho pholisa le ho fokotsa ho tima. Ho kenella.

Kamora hore tšepe e time le ho halefa, karolo eohle ea bareng ea tšepe e nang le hardenability e bonolo e na le pelo ea sorbite, e nang le thepa e ts'oanang ea mochini, matla a phahameng le ho tiea hantle, ha mokokotlo oa tšepe o nang le thatafalo e fokolang e le sesebelisoa sa 'mala oa tšepe, feela lera la bokaholimo ke sorbite e bohale, 'me mokokotlo o na le matla a mabe le ho ba thata.
(a) Ho thatafalloa ka botlalo; (b) E tiisitsoe ka botenya bo boholo; (c) E tiisitsoe ho ba botenya bo bonyenyane
Papiso ea thepa ea mochini oa tšepe e nang le thatafalo e fapaneng kamora ho tima le ho thunya

2. Ho satalla ha tšepe

Thata e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ka fihlelloang kamora ho tima e bitsoa thatafalo ea tšepe, e ikemiselitsoeng haholo ke khabone ea M.
Bane.

Kamora hore tšepe e tingoe, ho felisa khatello ea maikutlo ea kahare le ho fumana sebopeho le ts'ebetso e hlokahalang, ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso ea ho e futhumatsa mochesong o ka tlase ho Ac1, ee tšoare ka nako e itseng, ebe oa e futhumatsa mochesong oa kamore. e bitsoa tempering.

Mocheso o fokolang

Mocheso o futhumatsang ke 150 ℃ ～ 250 ℃. Nakong ea mocheso o tlase oa mocheso, li-carbide flakes (Fe2.4C) li fokotseha ho tloha ho martensite e tima, 'me supersaturation ea martensite ea fokotseha. Karolo ea austenite e bolokiloeng e fetoloa ho bainite e tlase, empa eseng haholo. Ka hona, sebopeho kamora mocheso o tlase oa mocheso ke martensite + e bolokiloeng ka austenite. Lower bainite e ka hlokomolohuoa.
Morero oa mocheso o tlase oa mocheso ke ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo, ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala ha mosebetsi, le ho netefatsa thatafalo e phahameng (ka kakaretso 58HRC-64HRC) le ho hanyetsa ho hoholo ka mora ho tima.

Ho halefisa

Mocheso o futhumatsang ke 350 ° C ho 500 ° C, mme sebopeho se kopaneng sa matrix ea ferrite le palo e kholo ea cementite e hasantsoeng hantle e fumanoang, e bitsoang tempered troostite (T tempered T). Ferrite e ntse e boloka mofuta oa martensite, 'me samente e bobebe ho feta li-carbide tsa martensite e bohale.
Bonolo troostite na le phahameng rekere moedi le ka lihlahisoa matla, empa hape e na le tekanyo e itseng ea toughness, thatafala ka kakaretso 35HRC ~ 45HRC.

Mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso

Mocheso o futhumatsang ke 500 ℃ ～ 650 ℃, mme sebopeho se kopaneng sa granular cementite le ferrite matrix sea fumaneha, se bitsoang tempered sorbite.

Sorbite e bonolo

A bonolo sorbite (bonolo S) o na le molemo ka ho fetisisa akaretsang thepa phetha molao, ke hore, matla, plasticity le toughness ba molemo, le thatafala ka kakaretso 25HRC ～ 35HRC. Ho tima le ho futhumatsa ha mocheso hangata ho bitsoa kalafo ea ho tima le ho futhumatsa.

Tempering brittleness e hlaha ha tšepe e le bonolo, ke hore, kamora ho halefa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli ea mocheso oa 250 ℃ ～ 400 ℃ le 450 ℃ ～ 650 ℃, ts'ebetso ea ts'epe e tla fokotseha haholo.
Liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea tšepe nakong ea mocheso:

Ho thatafala ha tšepe ho fetoha ka mocheso oa mocheso Kamano lipakeng tsa thepa ea mochini oa tšepe le mocheso oa tempering

Kamano lipakeng tsa khabone ea martensite, e bolokileng litaba tsa austenite, khatello ea maikutlo ea kahare, boholo ba phatsa ea carbide le mocheso o futhumatsang ka tšepe e koetsoeng.

Ka kopo boloka mohloli le aterese ea sengoloa sena hore se hatisoe hape:Kakaretso Heat Phekolo Of Steel

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